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Briefing
10 min read

The Chinese Super League: servant to a World Cup dream

Top flight Chinese football was founded in 1994 during a formative period for sports in the world's second largest economy. How has it evolved since inception?

  • 1/3 of all clubs ever to have played in the Chinese Super League are now defunct
  • 2019 CSL attendance placed it fifth-highest amongst global professional football leagues
  • A salary cap of €3m on any foreign player was imposed for the 2021 CSL season

The earliest sports practiced by Chinese people were dragon boat racing and various martial arts, but evidence exists of a game similar to football named Cuju being played as early as 50 BC.

However, the development and expansion of a modern sports industry in China began relatively recently, coinciding with economic reforms led by Deng Xiaoping which saw the Chinese Communist Party adopt a "socialist market economy”. According to a 2015 paper published by Jie Zhang of Jinan University in Shenzen, “China's sports have been gradually transformed from a type of public welfare under the planned economy to a business under the market-oriented economy since the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy in 1978”.